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Coca- Cola - Wikipedia. Coca- Cola (often referred to simply as Coke) is a carbonatedsoft drink. Originally intended as a patent medicine, it was invented in the late 1. John Pemberton and was bought out by businessman Asa Griggs Candler, whose marketing tactics led Coca- Cola to its dominance of the world soft- drink market throughout the 2. The drink's name refers to two of its original ingredients, which were kola nuts (a source of caffeine) and coca leaves. The current formula of Coca- Cola remains a trade secret, although a variety of reported recipes and experimental recreations have been published. The Coca- Cola Company produces concentrate, which is then sold to licensed Coca- Cola bottlers throughout the world.
The bottlers, who hold exclusive territory contracts with the company, produce the finished product in cans and bottles from the concentrate, in combination with filtered water and sweeteners. A typical 1. 2- US- fluid- ounce (3. The bottlers then sell, distribute, and merchandise Coca- Cola to retail stores, restaurants, and vending machines throughout the world.
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The Coca- Cola Company also sells concentrate for soda fountains of major restaurants and foodservice distributors. The Coca- Cola Company has on occasion introduced other cola drinks under the Coke name.
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The most common of these is Diet Coke, along with others including Caffeine- Free Coca- Cola, Diet Coke Caffeine- Free, Coca- Cola Cherry, Coca- Cola Zero, Coca- Cola Vanilla, and special versions with lemon, lime, and coffee. Based on Interbrand's . By 1. 91. 3, the company had redeemed 8.
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The patent for this Spanish drink was bought by Coca- Cola in 1. Pemberton ran the first advertisement for the beverage on May 2. Atlanta Journal. A co- partnership had been formed on January 1.
Pemberton and four Atlanta businessmen: J. C. Mayfield, A. O.
Murphey, C. O. Mullahy, and E. H. Not codified by any signed document, a verbal statement given by Asa Candler years later asserted under testimony that he had acquired a stake in Pemberton's company as early as 1. Candler's oldest son, Charles Howard Candler, authored a book in 1.
Emory University. In this definitive biography about his father, Candler specifically states: . For $5. 0 down and $5.
Walker, Candler & Co. After the April 1. April 1. 7, 1. 88.
Walker/Dozier interest shares were acquired by Candler for an additional $7. When Candler had the earliest records of the . This was while Charley Pemberton was selling the elixir, although a cruder mixture, under the name . After both names failed to catch on for Candler, by the middle of 1. Atlanta pharmacist was quite anxious to establish a firmer legal claim to Coca- Cola, and hoped he could force his two competitors, Walker and Dozier, completely out of the business, as well. John Stith Pemberton suddenly died, Asa G. Candler then sought to move swiftly forward to attain his vision of taking full control of the whole Coca- Cola operation.
Charley Pemberton, an alcoholic, was the one obstacle who unnerved Asa Candler more than anyone else. Candler is said to have quickly maneuvered to purchase the exclusive rights to the name . Pemberton's death. One of several stories was that Candler bought the title to the name from Charley's mother for $3. Dr. Pemberton's funeral.
Eventually, Charley Pemberton was found on June 2. Ten days later, Charley died at Atlanta's Grady Hospital at the age of 4.
Candler had negotiated with Margaret Dozier and her brother Woolfolk Walker a full payment amounting to $1,0. Candler could pay off with a series of notes over a specified time span. By May 1, 1. 88. 9, Candler was now claiming full ownership of the Coca- Cola beverage, with a total investment outlay by Candler for the drink enterprise over the years amounting to $2,3. Subsequent analysis of certain similar transfer documents had also indicated John Pemberton's signature was most likely a forgery, as well, which some accounts claim was precipitated by his son Charley.
The company publicly offered 5. January 8, 1. 94.
Montreal, Canada. The first bottling of Coca- Cola occurred in Vicksburg, Mississippi, at the Biedenharn Candy Company in 1.
The proprietor of the bottling works was Joseph A. The original bottles were Biedenharn bottles, very different from the much later hobble- skirt design of 1.
It was then a few years later that two entrepreneurs from Chattanooga, Tennessee, namely Benjamin F. Thomas and Joseph B. Whitehead, proposed the idea of bottling and were so persuasive that Candler signed a contract giving them control of the procedure for only one dollar. Candler remained very content just selling his company's syrup. Legal matters were not helped by the decision of the bottlers to subcontract to other companies, effectively becoming parent bottlers.
In 1. 93. 5, it was certified kosher by Atlanta Rabbi Tobias Geffen, after the company made minor changes in the sourcing of some ingredients. Photograph circa 1.
The longest running commercial Coca- Cola soda fountain anywhere was Atlanta's Fleeman's Pharmacy, which first opened its doors in 1. Cans of Coke first appeared in 1.
Follow- up taste tests revealed most consumers preferred the taste of New Coke to both Coke and Pepsi. The company gave in to protests and returned to a variation of the old formula using high fructose corn syrup instead of cane sugar as the main sweetener, under the name Coca- Cola Classic, on July 1. On July 5, 2. 00.
Coca- Cola would resume operations in Iraq for the first time since the Arab League boycotted the company in 1. In January 2. 00. Coca- Cola stopped printing the word . That same day, Coca- Cola announced the 1.
A 1. 6- ounce bottle has sold well at 9. As part of the deal Coca- Cola was to acquire a 1.
Monster for $2. 1. The original copy of the formula was held in Sun. Trust Bank's main vault in Atlanta for 8. Its predecessor, the Trust Company, was the underwriter for the Coca- Cola Company's initial public offering in 1. On December 8, 2. Sun. Trust Banks to a new vault containing the formula which will be on display for visitors to its World of Coca- Cola museum in downtown Atlanta. The formula basically matched the one found in Pemberton's diary.
The cocaine was derived from the coca leaf and the caffeine from kola nut, leading to the name Coca- Cola (the . Coca- Cola once contained an estimated nine milligrams of cocaine per glass. Besides producing the coca flavoring agent for Coca- Cola, the Stepan Company extracts cocaine from the coca leaves, which it sells to Mallinckrodt, a St. Louis, Missouri, pharmaceutical manufacturer that is the only company in the United States licensed to purify cocaine for medicinal use. In Britain, for example, the ingredient label states . In 1. 91. 1, the U. S. Forty Barrels and Twenty Kegs of Coca- Cola, hoping to force Coca- Cola to remove caffeine from its formula.
The case was decided in favor of Coca- Cola. Subsequently, in 1. U. S. Pure Food and Drug Act was amended, adding caffeine to the list of . The Coca- Cola Company only produces a syrup concentrate, which it sells to bottlers throughout the world, who hold Coca- Cola franchises for one or more geographical areas. The bottlers produce the final drink by mixing the syrup with filtered water and sweeteners, and then carbonate it before putting it in cans and bottles, which the bottlers then sell and distribute to retail stores, vending machines, restaurants, and food service distributors. Independent bottlers are allowed to sweeten the drink according to local tastes. In the early 2. 0th century, a fatwa was created in Egypt to discuss the question of .
Another clause was discussed, whereby the same rules apply if a person is unaware of the condition or ingredients of the item in question. Brand portfolio. This is a list of variants of Coca- Cola introduced around the world.
In addition to the caffeine- free version of the original, additional fruit flavors have been included over the years. Not included here are versions of Diet Coke and Coca- Cola Zero; variant versions of those no- calorie colas can be found at their respective articles. Caffeine- Free Coca- Cola (1. Coca- Cola without the Caffeine. Coca- Cola Cherry (1. Coca- Cola with a Cherry Flavor.
Was available in Canada starting in 1. Available in: Australia, American Samoa, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, China, Denmark, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Iceland, Korea, Luxembourg, Macau, Malaysia, Mongolia, Netherlands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, R. Available in: Austria, Australia, China, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Hong Kong, New Zealand, Malaysia, Slovakia, South- Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, and United States. It was reintroduced in June 2.
Coca- Cola with Lime (2. Coca- Cola with a Lime flavor. Available in Belgium, Netherlands, Singapore, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Coca- Cola Raspberry (2. Coca- Cola with a Raspberry flavor.
Was only available in New Zealand. Currently available in the United States and the United Kingdom in Coca- Cola Freestyle fountain since 2. Coca- Cola Black Cherry Vanilla (2. Coca- Cola with a combination of Black Cherry and Vanilla flavor.
It replaced and was replaced by Vanilla Coke in June 2. Coca- Cola Bl. Only available in the United States, France, Canada, Czech Republic, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, and Lithuania.
Coca- Cola Citra (2. Coca- Cola with a citrus flavor. Only available in Bosnia and Herzegovina, New Zealand, and Japan. Coca- Cola Orange (2. Coca- Cola with an orange flavor. Was available in the United Kingdom and Gibraltar for a limited time.
In Germany, Austria, and Switzerland it is sold under the label Mezzo Mix. Currently available in Coca- Cola Freestyle fountain outlets in the United States since 2.
United Kingdom since 2. Coca- Cola Life (2. A version of Coca- Cola with stevia and sugar as sweeteners rather than just simply sugar. Coca- Cola Ginger (2.
A version that mixes in the taste of ginger beer. Only available in Australia and New Zealand.